Culverts are used to drain ditches and to provide stream crossings. We installed a culvert crossing for an intermittent stream with a watershed of 120 ac. Culvert size was determined via Talbot's formula (Walbridge et al. 1984). Costs for this operation are provided in Table 6.

Backhoe transport	$ 50
1 hour backhoe time @ $57/hr	$ 57
20 ft of 36 in. steel pipe @ $20/ft	$ 400
Total	$ 507
TABLE 6. Estimated culvert installation costs for crossing a 6 foot wide intermittent stream.