Hornbeam

The hornbeam or blue beech is confined to the East where it is one of the more common trees on rich moist soil of bottom lands, swamps, and river margins.  The smooth bluish-gray bark and strong wood cause some people to refer to it as muscle-wood, or ironwood. Hornbeam is of secondary importance to wildlife.

 

Producer
Hornbeam

Herbivores
Gall insects (leaves and twigs)
Leaf tier insects
Skeletonizers and leaf miners
Beaver (seeds, bark, and wood)
Gray squirrel (seeds, bark, and wood)


 

 


hornbeam (producer) => skeletonizer (herbivore) => fox sparrow (omnivore) => turkey vulture (carnivore)

 

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